Management Research and Consultancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The board Research and Consultancy - Essay Example It is self-evident, that the examples of HRM in family and non-privately-owned company are unique, in this manner it ought to have been exceptional to discover the distinctions in HRM designs between various privately-owned companies, to plot the central point that impact these conduct and the methods of making these practices work for organizations of little and medium organizations. The work takes note of, that the terms HRM is now and again utilized in the incorrect manner, to supplant the renowned term of Public Management. In any case, it ought to be recollected that HRM is to some degree distinctive circle of examination, than the PM is. Along these lines, as the work is aggregated at looking at the HRM examples of various types of little and medium undertakings, less consideration is paid to privately-owned company itself, as a brilliant case of abnormal and remarkable human relations inside every venture. Simultaneously, the current examination is an endeavor to fulfill the pressing requirement for considering the HRM forms in the little and medium firms; as such exploration has consistently been made for enormous enterprises. The significance of HRM in each firm, either huge, or little, isn't contended. It is one of the key ways for the turn of events and progress of any association. 2. Assess the writing audit and the way that the analysts have utilized it to set examination questions and structure of the task. The examination depends on a major number of artistic works, identifying with human asset practices and privately-run company as the monetary wonder. There is no contention about the reality, that it is simpler to oversee in the littler condition, and the examination identifies with crafted by Story and Guest (1987), which recommend, that the key ideas of any human asset the board are high adaptability, excellent, high joining and high duty, yet Guest's book was composed for the enormous organizations, and along these lines it is somewhat vague, regardless of whether his thoughts are relevant to the littler business; this issue needs further exploration. Unexpectedly, the Story's thoughts concerning the significant job of correspondence and rationale are pertinent for little privately-owned company, as the correspondence in any human relations plays one of the first, if not the main, job. The writing, picked for the examination, is rarely given to HRM in little firms, as this conversation has consistently needed consideration and intrigue, however it is comprehended, that the thriving of little firms, and fruitful HRM, as an extensive piece of this flourishing, is the principle incitement for the general monetary development. (Dundon, 2001) The writers, who have given their time and books to the HRM, never truly focused on the littler and medium business, basically laying out the need for such examination, without going further into the subject. (Legge, 1995; Bach and Sisson, 2000; bacon, 1996; Creagh et al.,

Accounting as an Information System, Hasstrengths and Weaknesses Free Essays

The Disadvantages of Accounting Information Systems 1. A bookkeeping data framework is intended for organizations to use for recording their budgetary exchanges. Data is entered, handled, put away and dispersed through this kind of framework. We will compose a custom exposition test on Bookkeeping as an Information System, Hasstrengths and Weaknesses or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Bookkeeping data frameworks have numerous advantages; in any case, there are likewise a few hindrances to them. Learning the System 2. Learning a bookkeeping data framework can frequently be troublesome and tedious. People must be prepared on a framework, and this can make an impediment organizations as far as time and labor. A bookkeeping data framework is comprised of a wide range of segments, and practically all frameworks are automated. Due to their multifaceted nature, a few people may discover them difficult to utilize. It can take weeks or months for an individual to comprehend a bookkeeping framework, and typically the individual despite everything doesn't see totally what the framework is able to do. On the off chance that the representative stops working at the association, it can take weeks or months, by and by, to prepare another worker. Loss of Information 3. Bookkeeping data frameworks are normally electronic. Along these lines, there is constantly a danger of losing data through force blackouts or framework crashes. At the point when this occurs, quite possibly all the data in the framework could be lost. Organizations avoid potential risk for this issue by sponsorship up their records normally and performing standard upkeep on all PC frameworks. They additionally introduce hostile to infection programming as another safety measure. In any case, none of these means wipes out the potential issue that may happen. Bookkeeping data frameworks store a company’s money related data for a considerable length of time. On the off chance that a framework crash happens, it makes a significant inconvenience the organization. All, or a few, data is lost, and there’s a possibility it might never be recuperated. Re-assessment 4. Organizations frequently change their method of working together to stay aware of the most recent patterns. To keep up in a requesting business world, these progressions may affect a bookkeeping framework. A bookkeeping data framework is hard to set up on the grounds that each organization is special in its own particular manner. So as to stay aware of changes, bookkeeping data frameworks must be rethought regularly. Changes frequently should be made in a framework so as to process data proficiently. This can be a weakness to organizations since it requires some investment for the re-assessment, and it costs cash Understand more: The Disadvantages of Accounting Information Systems | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/list_6767205_disadvantages-bookkeeping data frameworks. html#ixzz17DVgqkpH By Jennifer VanBaren, eHow Contributor refreshed: July 24, 2010 The most effective method to refer to Accounting as an Information System, Hasstrengths and Weaknesses, Papers

Completing your FAFSA and Budgeting COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Completing your FAFSA and Budgeting COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Thanks to Cecilia Granda, Associate Director of Financial Aid, for this guest post.   The idea of budgeting makes everyone cringe. Picture days of peanut butter and jelly sandwiches followed by nights of staying at home staring at a spreadsheet wondering where all your money has gone. But take it from a lifelong New Yorker who has lived in the Upper West Side, Gramercy, Inwood, and the Bronx by creating budgeting plans, I have been able to continue to call New York my home, raise a family, create an emergency fund, and enjoy the occasional Sunday brunch. The FAFSA and federal student aid If you are a U.S. citizen or permanent resident applying to SIPA and would like to be considered for a scholarship, you must submit your FAFSA with your SIPA application.  The FAFSA for 2020-21 is available as of October 1st, so you can complete it before you submit the SIPA application. The SIPA school code is 002707. Be sure to input your 2018 income information; do not include your parent’s information. Once this is done, you will have at least put yourself in the running for any potential SIPA scholarship funding.   But don’t stop there.   Start researching external funding sources to determine if you are eligible.   Keep track of application deadlines and requirements so that you don’t miss opportunities. Photo: FAFSA Facebook page Budgeting For me, budgeting is all about planning ahead, self-awareness, and adjusting habits in order to save small amounts of money that can add up fast to help me reach my goal. When budgeting, I like to prioritize needs versus wants. Everyone’s priorities are going to be different. For graduate students the top three needs are clear: food, shelter, and education. The first step is an inventory check. How much money do you have? How much do you spend in one week or one month? Keep all your receipts and calculate how much you spent. Categorize your expenses between essential and discretionary; then priorities your expenses. If you are considering a graduate program, you can start early in transitioning your lifestyle from working to grad student. Next, set your goals. Once you’ve determined how much you have and how much you are currently spending, decide how much you need to save. Become familiar with the tuition and fees associated with each program youre considering. Consider how you will manage these costs and how much you need to save now in order to achieve your educational goals. You can start small by calculating how much you need to save on a weekly basis. It might be $50 a week, which becomes $200 a month, and turns into $2,400 a year. Once you find the right number, see if you can find ways to increase your weekly savings. One easy way to save, and a habit that you can bring to the big city, is shopping generic brands. Non-perishables like tissues, toilet paper, medicine, paper towels, toothpaste, toothbrushes, cleaning products, detergents, shampoo, and soap are all great options. This small change in purchasing can save you hundreds of dollars. Now you want to be sure your able to track and not touch your savings. Be honest with yourself. This is where self-awareness comes in handy. Can you set aside $50 each week? Do you need a budgeting app like Mint or Digit that will help you manage your money, track your spending, and force you to save? You might decide to give yourself an allowance for the week, only spend the amount in your wallet, and not use a credit card. Find a method that you can stick to and hold yourself accountable. Remember, you don’t have to do this alone. You most likely have friends who have similar financial goals. Make a pact! Agree to only go out to dinner once a week. This will help you transition to graduate school life. Many Seeples are very responsible about their finances. Some share a Costco membership so they can buy food in bulk and split the quantities (there’s a Costco in East Harlem). Others put together meal prep plans, share recipes, and organize pot lucks. One great thing about Seeples is they come from all over the world and have wonderful cuisine to share! I hope this information is helpful and don’t fret if you aren’t able to do it all. Even the smallest change in habit or savings will help you prepare for your next step. *Disclaimer: The applications identified in this article are based on personal recommendations, and SIPA is not receiving any form of compensation for mentioning them in this blog post.

Enzyme Lab Report - 1676 Words

The purpose of the enzyme lab conducted was to observe the chemical composition of cells. In order to do so we tested for the presence of organic molecules. Molecules are what forms when atoms bond together. Organic molecules of cells include proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, which are composed of smaller molecules known as monomers and polymers. Polymers are joined monomers. A chemical reaction links monomers together occurs and releases a water molecule, this is called dehydration synthesis. Hydrolysis separates polymers into monomers by using water to break bonds. Organic catalysts called enzymes are proteins that increase the speed of a chemical reaction. In the lab we used Biuret reagent to test for proteins, iodine solution to†¦show more content†¦When Benedict’s reagent was added to the glucose solution it turned to a dark orange-red, indicating a high sugar concentration. Next we added Benedict’s reagent to the starch solution which remained blue, indicating no sugar presence. The onion juice also turned a red-orange color as a reaction to the addition of Benedict’s reagent indicating a very high sugar concentration. Lastly, when Benedict’s reagent was added to potato juice a yellow-orange color was visible, indicating a moderate concentration of sugar. Our following experiment of the lab tested for lipids. We placed a drop of water on a piece of brown paper and a drop of water on a separate piece of brown paper. Observation after allowing the drops to sit on the paper for 15 minutes included that the water remained bead on the paper and subject to evaporation indicating the absence of lipids. On the other hand, the oil drop sample was absorbed by the paper and the paper became translucent. To further study lipids, we experimented with the emulsification of lipids. An emulsifier has both polar and non polar ends, which change the polarity and causes fat to disperse in water. Two test tubes were used. The first was marked at three and four centimeters. The second labeled at one three and four centimeters. In tube one we added water to the three centimeters, and filled oil to the marking on the center tube and shook the tube. The results expected were confirmed and the two remained as theyShow MoreRelatedEnzymes Lab Report1657 Words   |  7 PagesEnzymes Lab Report Inroduction In this lab we explore an enzymes activity and how it can be affected by changes to its environment. An enzyme is a protein and is a catalyst to chemical reactions. It helps accelerate reactions by lowering the activation energy, which is needed for reactions in cells to progress at a higher rate. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur, yielding products from a given set of reactants. (Unit 7: Enzymes lab) ProductsRead MoreThe Enzyme Peroxidase : Lab Report1548 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enzyme Peroxidase Case Study Lab Report Autumn Vick I. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this experiment is to learn the effects of a certain enzyme (Peroxidase) concentration, to figure out the temperature and pH effects on Peroxidase activity and the effect of an inhibitor. The procedure includes using pH5, H202, Enzyme Extract, and Guaiacol and calibrating a spectrophotometer to determine the effect of enzyme concentration. As the experiment continues, the same reagents are used with the spectrophotometerRead MoreEnzyme Lab Report Essay2194 Words   |  9 PagesSection 1. Introduction â€Å"Enzymes are proteins that have catalytic functions† [1], â€Å"that speed up or slow down reactions†[2], â€Å"indispensable to maintenance and activity of life†[1]. They are each very specific, and will only work when a particular substrate fits in their active site. An active site is â€Å"a region on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds, and where the reaction occurs†[2]. â€Å"Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose, the sugar in milk. It is produced by the cellsRead MoreEnzyme Lab Report1810 Words   |  8 PagesDanny Fish 10/9/11 Chemical Testing To identify An Unknown The hypothesis tested was that depending on the solution presented, which would test positive for one of the following, proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids through use of chemical testing. (Sudan IV, Benedicts’ Solution, Iodine, Biuret’s) . In order to gain more information for the hypothesis, one must know how to test for said macromolecule. Each of the above stated molecules has their own individual solution that will in turn identifyRead MoreEssay on Enzyme Lab Report1050 Words   |  5 PagesBiology Lab: Catalase (Enzymes) Abstract In this laboratory exercise, studies of enzyme catalase, which accelerates the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The purpose was to isolate catalase from starch and measure the rate of activity under different conditions. The laboratory was also conducted in association with a second laboratory that measured the effects of an inhibitor on the enzymes. Changes in temperature and pH along with Substrate Concentration and Enzyme ConcentrationRead MoreEnzyme Catalase Lab Report1176 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing an enzyme. An enzyme is an organic catalyst that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Enzymes are proteins, meaning that they have a unique structure that dictates what their function is. This unique structure also determines what substrate, or specific reactant, the enzyme will catalyze. From there, the substrate and enzyme bind together; which leads to the reactants being created. The enzyme tested during this experiment was the enzyme catalaseRead MoreCatalase Enzyme Lab Report1457 Words   |  6 Pages Catalase Enzyme Lab Introduction The human body is an incredible system that is capable of working a multitude of diverse functions. Without the help of the many different protein molecules, the human body would not be able to function properly. One major group of proteins called enzymes are mandatory for essential life. These proteins are constantly at work assembling molecules, metabolizing energy, and fighting off infections. An enzyme is a macromolecule that acts as a catalyst thatRead MoreLab Report On Enzyme Activity1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this lab is to observe the catalase found in liver cells by measuring how temperature, pH and enzyme concentrations affect the reaction rates of enzymes. Background Enzymes are considered to be â€Å"biological catalysts† meaning they can speed up a chemical reaction in a cell without being used up in the process. Enzymes do this by lowering the amount of energy needed to activate the process. The lower the activation energy, the faster the reaction. Without enzymes, vital life processesRead MoreEnzyme Activity Lab Report1395 Words   |  6 Pages Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity 6B Ava Suda Cor Jesu Academy Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity 6B Introduction Hydrogen Peroxide, or H2O2, is harmful to most living organisms but can be converted to oxygen and water before the damage is permanent. This is thanks to enzymes, the biological catalysts that increase the rate of reactions. Enzymes can be studied by measuring the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. This can be done in a number of ways, including measuringRead MoreEffect Of Enzyme Lab Report1137 Words   |  5 Pages Enzymes and Factors That Affect Them Rewrite title Zuryab Rana October 21, 2017 Abstract: In the experiment we used Turnip, Hydrogen Peroxide, Distilled Water, and Guaiacol as my substances. On the first activity, Effect of Enzyme concentration of Reaction Rate for low enzyme concentration, we tested three concentrations of the turnip extract, and hydrogen peroxide. For the Turnip Extract I used 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, and 2.0 ml. For hydrogen peroxide we used 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, and 0.4 ml. We used

Whispered Persuasive Essay Topics 6th Grade Secrets

Whispered Persuasive Essay Topics 6th Grade Secrets Teens need to be able to select their bedtime. Students should continue to keep their mobile in silence in order to not disturb the class. They always go online when they need to find something. Students and teachers can buy balanced lunch and drinks aside from alcohol, that enables them to feel nice and study much better. Students need to be careful about posting on social networking. They should be allowed to pray in school. They should be paid for studying. They are used to the fact that their professors give them the assignment's topic. Here's What I Know About Persuasive Essay Topics 6th Grade You have to know all facets of financial topics as soon as you choose them. Most issues can have essays on all the above mentioned questions. Qualities of a very good persuasive essay topic The topic ought to be specific. Anyway, below, it is possible to find topic that are great for both situations. Before students begin to write, it is a great idea for them to earn a list of the points they would like to make to their readers. Many students have a tendency to encounter the writing issues due to the dearth of appropriate understanding. If you are searching for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. Sure, with this kind of an enormous selection of topics to pick from, picking just one may be challenging. The selection of topic is the most crucial and foremost step to finish. The issue, nevertheless, is that not all businesses can be relied on to deliver quality essays on time so you need to be mindful in selecting one. The review is going to teach you whatever you will need to understand and then it is possible to place your purchase confidently. A step-by-step guide about how to compose a persuasive essay can be found on our site. Ok, I Think I Understand Persuasive Essay Topics 6th Grade, Now Tell Me About Persuasive Essay Topics 6th Grade! School should happen in the evenings. Once you are able to accomplish this, you're promised a fantastic grade. Student spend the majority of their time in school. Students have to finish a lot of writing assignments during college years. The Chronicles of Persuasive Essay Topics 6th Grade The multiple topics might be found, for instance, in the dissertation abstracts international database. Selecting a great topic for your essay is among the most essential and frequently tricky parts for many students. Needless to say, topics which are still relevant in 2018 are the very best. Possessing very good research abilities and selecting an excellent topic is vital. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Persuasive Essay Topics 6th Grade Is Wrong To help students just like you find debatable topics, we've gathered a wide selection of ideas on distinct subjects and academic levels. Some feel parents ought to be allowed to provide permission for their minor children to acquire tattoos, since they are making the decision for their own children. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, generally, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no authentic method to provide a free college education as colleges would still have to be funded (likely through tax dollars). Argue that public higher education has to be free for everybody. The Bad Secret of Persuasive Essay Topics 6th Grade If you're thinking that you require a person to compose my essay at the moment, you can merely rely on our honest reviews. At precisely the same time, it's a fantastic persuasive essay idea. The question might be part of your introduction, or it may make a terrific title. In any case, the shortage of suitable grammar makes the listeners shed respect to the speaker. So, the best method to compose a wonderful persuasive essay is to discover a theme you're familiarized with and would like to share your experience with the reader. The reader ought to take the author's side by the close of the reading. Don't neglect to bring a strong hook at the beginning (introduction paragraph) and wind up with an impressive conclusion to create the reader want to go over the interesting persuasive essay topics of your pick. Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. Things will occur if you continue to reside. Selecting the most suitable topic is the most essential job. The Essentials of Persuasive Essay Topics 6th Grade You Can Benefit From Beginning Right Away When prior brainstorming is finished, you can begin drafting your essay. Just stick to the guidelines stated above, and you will be well on your way to writing a decent persuasive essay. The goal of brainstorming is to aid you in getting ideas. So locating the finest persuasive essay topics is vital. There are many intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to think about doing it.

Statement of Purpose Santosh G Vattam MS Free Essays

Statement of purpose Santosh G Vattam MS, Embedded Systems (CIS), May 2012 Research Interest I am a Master of Science and Engineering student majoring in Embedded Systems from University of Pennsylvania, graduating in May 2012. I am interested in embedded systems modeling and model based code generation. This interest has developed thanks to my research project with Prof. We will write a custom essay sample on Statement of Purpose Santosh G Vattam MS or any similar topic only for you Order Now Insup Lee as well as the Embedded and Cyber Physical Systems and the Principles of Embedded Computation courses I took at Penn with Prof. Insup Lee and Prof. Rajeev Alur respectively. The Embedded and CPS course involved modeling and implementation of a pacemaker, while the Principles of Embedded Computation course provided the much needed theoritical foundation for developing embedded system models and verifying and validating thus developed models. Research projects In Jan 2011, I started working on the Medical Device Dongle(MDD) Project with Prof. Insup Lee. The idea was to make patient monitoring, patient centric rather than device centric by developing a standards-based interface for medical device interoperability. We decided to use the existing device interoperability standard – IEEE11073-PHD with slight modications. I implemented the rst prototype of the IEEE11073 Manager and Agent state machines. We later encountered the problem of providing a medium for using the services of the MDD and thus we designed and implemented an interface to sit on top of the MDD. We have since presented our work at the Wireless Health Conference 2011, San Diego, CA and at Embedded Software Week Android competition, Taipei, Taiwan. We shall also be presenting at the International Health Informatics Symposium, Miami, FL in Jan 2012. Prior to this, I have worked on the Coverage Analysis of RTEMS(Real Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems) as part of Google Summer of Code 2009 and mentored another student in 2010 for the same project. This project was my rst step into the embedded world. I wrote test cases to validate that every single line of object code generated was executed. I worked on the RTEMS-core codebase and in 2010 I mentored a student to work on the extended codebase. Research focus I would like to focus my research on model based code generation and validating the conformation of code to the model on which it was based. This is a problem that I have come across while working on the MDD project. We have based our design on the IEEE11073 architecture but there are no open implementations of it through which we can verify our implementation. There are certain validation tools but these just analyze the packet structure of the 11073 packets but not the ow of these packets within the network of devices. I am partly tackling this problem through my Masters thesis by writing test cases to validate the exchange of the right packets. This method, however, does not provide insight into the internal state ow of the code. I would like to study, n depth, the ways of validating code to the state model. I believe that by pursuing a PhD I shall not only gain the necessary skill set to tackle this problem, but also the insight of looking at unstructured data and obtaining structured information from it. Prof Insup Lee and his team at the PRECISE Center work on model based design and validation in the medical device domain. I have been working with Prof. Insup Lee and his team for close to a year now on the MDD project. I believe that the environment and the expertise at the PRECISE Center will provide me with the encouragement and the academic stimulus to excel at my research. How to cite Statement of Purpose Santosh G Vattam MS, Essay examples

To investigate how surface area effects the rate of reaction in Calcium Carbonate Essay Example

To investigate how surface area effects the rate of reaction in Calcium Carbonate Essay This experiment is working on the theory of diffusion. Diffusion is the movement of particles. Three main things effect the rate of diffusion:- The distance of particles. Diffusion is quickest in gases as gas has a larger space between molecules making diffusion occur faster.- The energy of particles. The temperature effects the rate of reaction because the higher the temperature the faster the reaction.- The mass of particles. The effect of mass is caused by the relationship between the speed of particles and their temperature.Diffusion occurs in all the states of matter. However they most noticeably take place in liquids and gases. An example of this is Brownian Motion. Robert Browning noticed that when looking under a microscope pollen grains were moving in a random way. This movement is explained by assuming water molecules were hitting the pollen grains in a random way causing the pollen to move erratically.Brownian motion and diffusion provide evidence to support the kinetic th eory. The kinetic theory is kinetic energy cannot be created loss or destroyed. Instead it is converted to another form of energy. Particles have kinetic energy the energy of movement. Gases have the greatest kinetic energy and solids the least.This experiment also works on the Collision theory. Chemical reactions can be explained by the collision theory. For particles to react they must collide and they must have sufficient energy to react. There are many factors that effect the rate of reaction.- If the size of the reacting particles is decreased, there is more surface area available for reacting and so the speed of reaction increases.- When a solution becomes more concentrated, the number of particles present in the solution increases.- Increasing temperature increases the speed at which the particles move. Thus speeding up the reaction.Factors effecting the rate of reactionI am looking at the pros and cons of investigating each factor on the rate of reaction.CatalystsPro- This speeds up the rate of reaction by helping bonds between atoms to break and form more easily. It is also reusableCon- The problem with this would be it makes this an unfair experiment unless you carefully measure out the same amount of catalayse.TemperaturePro-Heating it would speed up the experiment, and keeping it cold would slow it down. This is because if you heat it up it makes the water particles collide and move about more breaking up the marble chips faster.Con- Heating it is can be very dangerous and it could make the test tube explode.ConcentrationPro- You can see a definite difference if you use different concentrations.Con- It can be quite expensive using a large concentration of the chemical.Surface areaPro-Its inexpensive, practical and not dangerous.Con-It is a little inaccurate if not measured in exact sizes.ChoiceI have chosen to test the rate of reaction on surface area. This is because of all the reasons above can get around the con by using roughly the same size c hip.PlanPre-testIve carried out the pre-test using different quantities of calcium carbonate and different quantities of Hydrochloric acid. The quantities with long and most vigorous reaction will be the quantity I will use in the investigation because it will give me a good set of results.ApparatusMedium sized Calcium carbonate chipsThree Test tubesScalesTimerMethod1. Measure 5g of calcium carbonate and measure 20ml of Hydrochloric acid.2. Put the calcium carbonate in the test tube, pour the acid in and quickly start the timer.3. Observe every ten seconds the weight of the marble chips and acid. Stop when the same weight occurs four times in a row.4. Repeat steps 1-3 with 10g of calcium carbonate and 40ml of hydrochloric acid.5. Repeat steps 1-3 with 15g of calcium carbonate and 60ml of hydrochloric acid.Results5g and 20ml of hydrochloric acid-Fast reaction and not very vigorous.10g and 40ml of hydrochloric acid-Long reaction and very vigorous.15g and 60ml of hydrochloric acid-Long reaction and quite vigorous.Conclusion:This pre-test showed me that the best results to use in my investigation would be 10g and 40ml of Hcl. This was because this was the most vigorous and the longest results without wasting too much Hcl and Calcium carbonate.EvaluationThis pre-test was quite accurate. There was only one problem, acid was loss to the spitting I will use cotton wool to cover the top. The reason I will not use a cork stop is this will prevent all gas escaping. I will use wool because this will let gas escape but not acid.PredictionI predict that the large marble chips are going to take the longest to diffuse. The medium a fair amount of time to diffuse and the smallest chips will be the quickest to diffuse. I know this by my theory on diffusion and the collison theory. I know that If the size of the reacting particles is decreased, there is more surface area available for reacting and so the speed of reaction increases.EquipmentSmall, medium and Large marble chips.C onical flaskElectronic ScalesMeasuring cylinderHydrochloric acidCotton woolMethod1. Measure 10g of Marble chips in small, medium and large.2. Place the flask on the scales and take away the weight.3. Pour the large marble chips in the flask.4. Measure 40ml of hydrochloric acid and pour5. Quickly put the cotton wool on top and start the timer.6. Observe weight every ten seconds. Stop observing when the same weight repeats itself four times.7. Repeat steps 2-5 but use medium marble chips.8. Repeat steps 2-5 twice using small marble chips.9. Record all results in the table. Work out the averages of the small chips.DiagramResultsTime (sec)Large ChipsMedium ChipsSmall Chips (1)Small Chips (2)Average of small chips0102.1104.4102.6103.6100.610102.1104.1102.4103.5100.4520101.9103.9102.3103.5100.430101.8103.5102.2103.4100.340101.7103.4102.1103.3100.2550101.6103.3102103.2100.1560101.5103.2102103.2100.1570101.4103.2101.9103.1100.5580101.3103.1101.9103100.5590101.2103101.9103100.55100101.210310 1.9103100.55120101.1103130101.1103140101150101160100.9170100.9180100.9190100.8200100.8210100.7220100.7230100.7240100.7Analysis of ResultsSize of marble chipAmount lostLarge marble chips1.4gMedium sized marble chips1.4gSmall sized marble chips (average)0.05gConclusionThe rate of reaction should be longer for the small chips because more surface area for the hydrochloric acid to work on. The loss of mass is the largest in the big chips. However the loss in the medium chips is not as large as the small chips. The small chips loss of mass was consistent in the experiment. This is because the larger the surface area the faster the rate of reaction is. As you can see my results link back to my planning. In my planning it was said that if the size of the reacting particles is decreased, there is more surface area available for reacting and so the speed of reaction increases. This is true and matches up to my results.EvaluationMy experiment worked extremely well in the plan but didnt work a s well when I did the whole experiment. My results were not as accurate as expected. The flaws in my experiment were probably due to the following factors:* Timer wasnt started at exactly the time the marble chips went in.- To rectify this I will observe more carefully when to start the timer.* The cottons mass was not taken and deducted at the end.- I should next time take the mass of the cotton* Hydrochloric acid was not measured out properly.- I could maybe weigh the amount of hydrochloric acid used on some electronic scales.* Lots of people were in the room and were all walking about. People could have knocked the table causing the mixture to be swirled around a bit. Making the results slightly unfair.- I could possibly of done the experiment in a quite room on my own without distractions and lots of people walking about knocking the table.* The Calcium carbonate chips were not all the same size.- When choosing the chips I could of looked for similar sized chips to use so surfac e area was still the same.However even with these factors taken into account the experiment gave me my expected results. So I presume that these flaws in my experiment did not really effect the results.To further on my work I could look at how a catalyst would effect the rate of reactions. I could also look at all the other factor such as temperature and concentration and how they effect the rate of reaction.